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Wetland EcoStation Test Area IV Envirothon Five Years of tests are available:
1. (Water sample with lots of algae: very green) The lake from which this water sample was taken can be classified as:
2. The strip of emergent vegetation surrounding Elk Lake is important because: 3. (fathead minnow) The diet of this Elk Lake fish consists mostly of: 4. Which of the following are threats to freshwater fisheries worldwide?
5. What is the purpose of artificial aeration in Elk Lake?
6. An increase in the amount of impervious surfaces in the Elk Lake watershed could lead to which of the following in a body of water:
7. The leading cause of non-point source aquatic pollutants are:
8. In freshwater ecosystems, the limiting nutrient is:
9. A clear water phase occurs in temperate freshwater lakes in early summer when:
10. In a stratified lake, the water below the hypolimnion is:
11. In river or stream ecosystems like the Little Miami river, which of the following assemblages of fish would indicate the best water quality:
12. Which of the following management practices would be best to decrease sediment and nutrient loading in Elk Lake:
13. Which of the following conditions in Elk Lake could be detrimental to the health of the fish community:
14. Identify this macroinvertebrate:
15. Which of the following can be used as indicators of ecosystem health in aquatic systems:
16. The trophic state of a lake or pond is most influenced by:
17. (Show temperature and oxygen profile) The following information about Elk Lake shows that:
18. Allowing motor boats in Elk Lake could lead to which of the following problems:
19. Which of the following aquatic invasive species was spread by a recreational activity?
20. The most common aquatic pollutant is:
21. Forested buffers along streams are important because:
22. Why are natural resource managers concerned about the impact of exotic species?
23. _________________ is defined as the level of yield from our natural resources that produces greatest overall long-term benefits in environmental, biological, social and economic terms.
24. Identify this Elk Lake organism (Daphnia):
25. Identify this fish:
1. This tree
would be utilized by which wildlife species? 2. What caused
the damage on this tree? 3. This tree
is a green ash. Which of these is a benefit of green ash to riparian areas? 4. This tree
is a standing dead tree and makes good habitat for wildlife. What is another
name for a dead standing tree? 5. Please
identify this tree? 6. Please
identify this tree? 7. Why is
the tree excellent for wildlife? 8. How susceptible
is this tree to emerald ash borer? 9. There are
over how many different hardwood tree species growing in Ohio’s woodland
forests? 10. A board
measuring 24 inches long, 24 inches wide and 1 inch thick is how many
board feet? 11. The art,
science, and practice of establishing, tending, and producing forest stands
is the definition of what forestry term? 12. In forestry
what does the term DBH stand for? 13. Which
of these tree species would be suited to plant in a riparian zone? 14. Foresters
use the site index for trees in soil surveys all the time. What can the
site index tell a forester about a soil? 15. Which
of these is a sustainable fuel source? 16. What is
the purpose of a waterbar? 17. Along
a streamside forest, which of the following silvicultural techniques should
be utilized? 18. Which
of these plants produce nutritional mast for wildlife? 19. Forested
riparian zones are good for… 20. Which
type of soil is best suited for black walnut? 21. What is
an economic use for trees that were thinned out for a crop tree release? 22. Joe has
8 acres of woods. The woods mainly consists of pole size oaks, hickories,
ash and honey locust. Joe wants to perform a crop tree release in his
woods. Joe also likes to view and hunt wildlife, so he wants to maximize
wildlife opportunity in his woods. Which tree species should select against
(which trees should he cut or girdle) in performing the crop tree release? 23. Which
of these plants would normally be associated with wetlands? 24. In what
part of the body do channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) have poison
glands? 25. Which
energy source below is non-renewable?
1) Total Maximum Daily
Load (TMDL) refers to: 2) Ohio is currently participating in an international
debate over the export of water from the Great Lakes. What is the primary
reason that this concept is opposed? 4) Bare construction sites without erosion or sediment
controls can lose up to 10,000 times more sediment to local streams than
prior to development. A large pulse of sediment will stress or eliminate
most in-stream inhabitants. “Best Management Practices” (BMPs) are specified
methods to minimize erosion and control off-site sediment loss. Which
of these BMPs will best prevent sediment from migrating off a construction
site? 5) Riparian buffer strips along streams are beneficial
by protecting landscapes from flooding. Wetland areas within a buffer
system provide added benefit of filtering or retaining nutrients and sediment.
Verification of riparian wetland buffers is confirmed best through: 6) A combined sewer system refers to: 7) The riparian zone of Tawawa Creek or any stream refers
to: 8) Which of the following statements best applies to the
tree root system at this site on Tawawa Creek (see marker #12)? 9) High levels of nitrogen or ammonia in a river system
will elevate the ________ of the water. 10) Adequate levels of dissolved oxygen are critical to
support aquatic life in streams. The Ohio EPA 24 hour dissolved oxygen
minimum standard for a warm water stream, such as Tawawa Creek, is: 11) The items displayed at marker #20 are hester dendies
or multiple plate water sampling devices and are used in a stream to: 13) Excessive nutrient loading into a stream creates an
unbalanced ecosystem by increasing plant growth. The most critical threat
to fish species caused by this is: 14) What is the chief reason that woody in-stream debris,
as depicted at this site, has been greatly reduced in abundance in many
Ohio streams? 15) The common name of the invasive plant species exhibited
at marker #30 is: 16) What type of river habitat is best suited to macroinvertebrates? 17) Members of this group of aquatic insects are predatory,
both as nymphs (shown here at marker #32) and adults. What are they? 18) The leading cause of water quality impairment in Ohio
streams is due to: 1.A gravel drainage system should be installed near the Lewisburg Log House. Where does the PCHS Master Plan recommend the gravel drainage system be installed? a. in the yard between the house and the creek b. at the base of the house. c. along the south side of the house d. at the base of the front entrance
2. In forestry terminology -what is a buffer adjacent to a stream corridor set aside mainly for the purpose of controlling water temperature? a. filter strip b. ventilation strip c. shade strip d. sun strip
3. Which of the following tree species is both native to southwestern Ohio and commonly found along stream banks? a. American beech b. American sycamore c. Bald cypress d. Yellow birch
4. Small shallow depressions within woodlands that hold water during part of the year and are essential to some amphibians are called: a. muck pools b. breeding ponds c. spring ponds d. vernal pools
5. The ability of a soil to support wetland function depends on the presence of wetland hydrology. Which soil map unit below on this farm has the least favorable hydrology in its natural condition regarding depth and duration of saturation by water? a. BrA b. Wn c. CeB d. BsA
6. Hydric soils usually have two physical features in common, including dominantly gray colors and reddish brown mottles (iron concentrations) in the upper subsoil. Which soil below would not be hydric by these features? a. BrA b. BsA c. Wn d. WeA
7. Medway series of soils are formed on bottom lands. Which statement below is false? a. Medway soils formed in recent deposits of sediment. b. The water table is high in winter and spring on Medway soils. c. Crops can generally be harvested even though Medway soils flood. d. Medway soils have dominant gray colors in the upper B Horizon.
8.Natural debris in a stream (such as logs, rocks, and root wads) is habitat for aquatic wildlife. However, excessive debris can have a negative affect on farmland by restricting stream flow, reducing drainage, and flooding cropland. Some debris can damage manmade structures such as bridges and dams. Which statement is true about stream management? a. Always remove log jams and debris b. Remove all woody riparian vegetation to keep it out of the streams c. Develop a comprehensive stream management program that maintains an environmentally healthy stream and riparian buffer and addresses specific problems causing economic damage and safety concerns to landowners and the public d. Never remove log jams and debris
9. The Purple Catspaw, Northern Riffleshell, Pink Mucket,and the Washboard are all Ohio endangered species belonging to the same group of wild animals. Animals from this group were part of an early industry in Ohio that produced buttons for clothing. However, the extreme water pollution of the early to mid twentieth century in Ohio drastically reduced the populations of most species in this group. More recently poaching of these animals for use in the foreign pearl industry has been a threat to this group of animals. To which group of animals are we referring? a. Fishes b. Mollusks c. Turtles d. Dragonflies
10. Aukerman Creek is a tributary of Twin Creek, within the Great Miami River Watershed. What designated aquatic life use has the Ohio EPA given to both Twin and Aukerman a. Coldwater Habitat b. Warmwater Habitat c. Modified Warmwater Habitat d. Exceptional Warmwater Habitat
11. Which of the following actions could reduce the potential for nonpoint source pollution to enter local streams? a. Ohio EPA could monitor outfalls from factories b. County road crews could salt highways in icy weather c. Farmers could disk their fields in the fall d. Homeowners could sweep their driveways instead of hosing them off
12. Which of these macroinvertebrates shown would be found only in high quality streams? a. b. c. d.
13. What equipment would be needed to conduct proper benthic macroinvertebrate sampling? a. a kitchen strainer b. a fish tank c. a kick seine net d. a tin can with both ends cut out and plastic wrap stretched across one end
14. Based on what you know about healthy physical stream characteristics, how would you describe this site? a. Unhealthy because there is erosion and downed trees b. Healthy because there is erosion, deposition and access to the floodplain. c. Unhealthy because there is no visible wildlife d. Healthy because of the sand and gravel on the bottom and along the banks
15. Which of the following factors LEAST affects the rate
of deposition of particles carried by a
a. size and shape
of the particles
16.
If you only found the following benthic macroinvertebrates in a streambed,
which assemblage a.
pouch snail, leech, aquatic worm
17. Which of the following characteristics
of this site do not contribute to the physical health of
18. Many streams in southwest Ohio do not freeze at the
same rate, given the same air a.
Streams in southwest Ohio have a higher chloride content, requiring lower
temperatures in
19. What advantage would there be of using algae in biological
assessment of a stream over the
a. Algae is easier to identify
a.
21. If a family waded into Aukerman Creek at a public bridge
downstream of the historical a.
No one, because all streams in Ohio are owned by the state for use by
its citizens
22. What is the leading source of impairment to rivers and streams in Ohio? a.
Hydromodification
a. An industrial discharger is
allowed to pollute the river with more toxins if they pay another
24. When drinking water contains high levels of nitrate,
infant digestive systems have trouble a.
methemoglobinemia
25. Since the early 1900s, what has happened to the process
of sampling for fish species in
a. More native fish are found
due to improved water quality.
1. The color of the soil in this wetland system is a very dark, almost black, brown. What is the reason for this coloration of the soil? a. It contains a high percentage of iron. b. It contains a high percentage of organic matter c. It contains a high percentage of sand. d. That is the color of the parent rock. 2. A domestic goose has been observed at this site. In what way could the presence of this or many geese, domestic or wild, negatively affect the water quality of the wetland? a. Large amounts of their waste provide too many nutrients for the system to use effectively. b. The feathers that they shed grow harmful bacteria that contaminate the water within the system. c. The way that they forage is harmful to the system. d. Their presence discourages the presence of other types of waterfowl. 3. If the manager of the farm were to wish to discourage geese from this wetland system, what simple and inexpensive method could be used to achieve this means? a. Letting tall vegetation grow along the edge of the system will discourage the geese because they will be unable to see if any predators are present. b. Mowing the grass to the very edge of the system will discourage the geese because this will reduce the amount of forage available. c. Placing an owl decoy near the wetland area will cause the geese to avoid the area due to concern of the predator. d. Placing decoy geese in the wetland area will cause the geese to avoid the already populated area. 4. Many amphibians, including Spring Peepers, have been noted at this site. What man-made change has made this a less ideal amphibian habitat? a. Deepening of portions of the wetland. b. Planting of willows along portions of the edges of the wetland. c. Steepening of the edges of portions of the wetland. d.
The connection of the wetland to the river. 5. Look at the land uses and conditions surrounding this system. What would be the greatest threat to this system? a. Acid rain falling into the system. b. Nutrients from human and animal waste. c. Nutrients from the surrounding fields. d. Silt from the surrounding fields. 6. The soil in this system is a type of clay. Why would this be useful for a wetland system? a. Clay is a very fertile soil type and encourages lush plant growth. b. Clay filters the water and therefore the water in the wetland is of better quality. c. Clay resists the flow of water through it due to its narrow, elongate pores. d. Sand is actually a better medium because it allows water to filter easily through its pores. 7. The original settlers of this farm chose to place their house on the hill above this area. Aside from the wetland, what would have been a major factor in that decision? a. There is a high likelihood that this area would be flooded frequently by the river. b. There is no reason for them to have built at one location verses the other. c. There was not enough room for a house on the bottom land. d. They wanted to have a nice view. 8. On the other side of the canal, there is a stream. Along both of its edges are trees and other, smaller vegetation. In some housing developments along streams, residents will clear the trees to obtain a better view of ‘their’ stream. How would this affect the water quality of the stream? a. The temperature of the stream would rise due to increased sunlight reaching the water. b. There would be an increase of sediments reaching the stream due to the lack of vegetation to filter runoff before it entered the stream. c. There would be little effect on the water quality since the trees are not in the actual water. d. Both B and C. 9. In order to build more houses, the contractor gains the permission of the Army Corps of Engineers to fill the wetlands on this site. What of the list below is not a result of filling in the wetland? a. The filtration of pollutants from the water entering the wetlands is no longer achieved. b. The rapid breakdown of the organic matter in the bottom of the wetland is no longer achieved. c. The storage of water, which seeps through the soil to recharge the groundwater, is no longer achieved. d. The temporary storage of floodwaters is no longer achieved. 10. The beaver, called a keystone species, has been important to the wetland ecosystems of North America. What important service does it provide? a. The beaver is an important herbivore, keeping trees from clogging the wetlands. b. The beaver is an important predator, keeping fish numbers low. c. The beaver is important for its lodges, which provide habitat to other animals when abandoned by the beaver. d. The beaver maintains early successional stages, adding to biodiversity. 11. In the past, wetlands were seen as an impediment to the process of flood control. Today, wetlands are instead seen as an asset to flood control. How do they perform this important flood control service? a. Wetlands absorb the additional flow of the flood, thereby reducing its volume. b. Wetlands have little to no impact on the flood if they are not directly in contact with the stream. c. Wetlands help to slow the waters of the flood, thereby reducing its power. d. Both B and D 12. Both of the organisms shown in Diagram A are macroinvertebrates that are likely to live in stream environments. Which of these would you expect to find in waters that were of very high quality (with very little pollution)? 1. 2.
a. Both organisms could potentially be present. b. Neither organism 1 or 2 is likely to be present. c. Only organism 1 could be present. d. Only organism 2 could be present. 13. What are the scientific orders of the organisms in Diagram A? a. Organism 1 is Order Coleoptera, and Organism 2 is Order Hirudinea b. Organism 1 is Order Ephemeroptera, and Organism 2 is Order Diptera. c. Organism 1 is Order Isopoda, and Organism 2 is Order Amphipoda. d. Organism 1 is Order Pulmonata, and Organism 2 is Order Odonata.
14. Which option shows the correct names of the stages of the water cycle in the order shown in Diagram B above? a. Stage A is Precipitation, B is Infiltration, C is Runoff, and D is Evaporation. b. Stage A is Precipitation, B is Runoff, C is Infiltration, and D is Evaporation. c. Stage A is Through-flow, B is Precipitation, C is Evaporation, and D is Infiltration. d. Stage A is Transpiration, B is Precipitation, C is Infiltration, and D is Runoff.
15. In Diagram C above, what does the dashed line in the bottom representation of the stream symbolize? a. It is the best habitat area of the stream. b. It is the deepest area of the stream. c. It is the run of the stream. d. It is the thalwag of the stream. 16. The area in Diagram C on the previous page where you would expect to find the highest number of macroinvertebrates is in the ________ of the stream because the ________ . a. Edges; large number of plants in this area. b. Pool; greater volume of this area. c. Pool; slower speed of this area. d. Riffle; higher dissolved oxygen of this area. 17. What effect does straightening the channel of a stream by humans, known as channelization, have on the biological productivity of the stream? a. Only the plants that lived on the sides and in the slower portions of the stream are affected. b. The lower diversity of habitats offered allows several species to excel and raises productivity of the stream. c. The lower diversity of habitats offered lowers the diversity of species in the stream and reduces productivity greatly. d. There is little effect from channelization on the biota of the stream. 18. Through the way we have used the land and water, a process of eutrophication is occurring in many water bodies. Which of the choices below defines eutrophication? a. Eutrophication is the process of accumulation of silt in the bottom of the stream. b. Eutrophication is the process of enrichment of a water body due to an increase in nutrient loading. c. Eutrophication is the process of migration of macroinvertebrates downstream as their habitat degrades. d. Eutrophication is the process of the stream becoming shallower and wider in response to increased flow volumes. 19. In the past, most conservation efforts were carried out within manmade boundaries such as cities, counties, and states, with each entity working independently. There is a movement currently underway to conserve on a ‘watershed’ scale. What is a watershed? a. An area of land from which surface water drains into a common outlet, such as a river, lake, or wetland. b. An area of land submerged by a particular river, lake, or wetland at least 63% of the year. c. A general term that defines the willingness of entities to work together on conservation issues. d. A partnership of public entities agreeing to work on water quality issues within several manmade boundaries to increase the success of their efforts. 20. Much has been said about Mercury contamination in fish recently. The government has warned against certain species more than others. What is the reason behind this? a. The species listed are bottom feeders who have ingested more of the Mercury that has settled into bottom sediments. b. This occurs because certain fish naturally retain more mercury than others, regardless of what they ingest. c. This occurs through biomagnification, the tendency of elements that do not break down easily to increase in concentration as they moves up the food chain. d. These rules were designed to protect fish species who do not reproduce as quickly and are only lightly related to their mercury content. 21. In order for a particular location to be classified as a wetland, which of the below characteristics must be present? a. The site must contain a large variety of wetland vegetation and be situated on wetland soils. b. The site must be connected to a river, be saturated or inundated during the entire growing season, and support wetland vegetation. c. The site must be inundated or saturated by surface or ground water often enough to support wetland vegetation and the soils present must be wetland soils. d. The site must be inundated with surface or ground water during the entire growing season. 22. Which of the following Ohio trees is important for wood ducks? a. Black oak b. Pin oak c. Scarlet oak d. Blackjack oak 23. Which of the following species of ash is typically found only on wet swampy sites? a. Green ash b. Blue ash c. Black ash d. White ash 24. Muskrats are large freshwater rodents. Which of the following animals is most closely related to the muskrat? a. Beaver b. Rabbit c. Mouse d. Mink 25. Wetlands have been called the kidneys of the landscape. Which of the following is true? a. Wetlands host a plant species whose roots resemble human kidneys. b. Wetlands filter out sediments from surface water run off. c. The Latin words for wet land is Kidnius urinaus d. Wetlands often give off odors reminiscent of human kidney excretions.
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