|
|
|
|
Meadow EcoStation Test Area IV Envirothon There are five test available: 1. According to the 2006 National Survey of Hunting, Fishing and Wildlife Associated Recreation how many US residents 16 years of age and older enjoy some recreational activity relating to fish and wildlife?
2. Ohio had approximately how much in expenditures related to hunting according to the 2006 National Survey of Hunting, Fishing and Wildlife Associated Recreation?
3. During June of 2007 the Secretary of the Interior Dirk Kempthorne announced the
4. What agency oversees wildlife damage management in Ohio? 5. “Hunter Orange” is required at all times (except when hunting waterfowl) during 6. State Parks cover over 170,000 acres in Ohio. They help preserve Ohio’s natural
7. Campers sometimes cut dead and damaged trees for firewood. However, such
8. What affect does legal hunting have on Ohio’s deer population?
9-11. Match answers A, B, C or D to the hide specimens numbered 9, 10 and 11.
12. This species which is associated with aquatic habitats was once considered
13. The wild fish of Ohio are a natural resource with high recreational value. All
14. Recreational use of Ohio’s fish and wildlife resources generates funds through the 15. Ohio’s public wildlife areas provide a variety of activities for both residents and 16. The frequent use of undesignated woodland trails on this portion of the camp has resulted in the following:
17. Adjacent to this area is the pasture where the horses used in the camp’s riding programs are sometimes kept. What impact do horses have to the natural resources of the pasture field?
18. Pine trees are often planted on recreational facilities such as this one. What is the ecological impact of such plantings?
19. Many of Ohio’s soils will support non-native vegetation. Many species of non-native plants are invasive and when they are established on recreational facilities what often results?
20-23 Match answers A, B, C, and D. to the plants specimens marked 20, 21, 22, and 23. (Use each answer only once.)
24. Beaver currently occur on the camp property. They can be enjoyable to watch and can even create wetlands by damming small streams. However, beaver can cause problems such as flooding and can cut down trees that are serving an aesthetic purpose. What would be a legal method of control for the beaver?
25. The Division of Wildlife has developed several special opportunities for youths to hunt such as youth seasons for small game, deer, wild turkey, and waterfowl. These special seasons allow youths to do the following:
1.
Given the current location, which of the following species would most
benefit from creating a brush pile along the edge of the woods? 2.
Habitat is instrumental in the survival of wildlife. What is the term
for the number of animals that a population can support throughout the
year? 3. Over the
years, wildlife has demonstrated their ability to adapt to their ever
changing surroundings. Which best describes the animal pictured here? 4. Who is
considered the “Father of Wildlife Management”? 5. Using the
field guide provided, name the species and gender of the wing before you. 6. The primary
habitat of the animal that produced this pelt is along rivers, ponds,
and lakes in wooded areas. Which of the following animals did this pelt
belong to? 7. At this
location, what is the role of the vegetation on either side of the water
way? 8. Given
the skull before you, what animal does this skull belong to? 9. Looking
at the habitat that surrounds this location, what list of animals are
you most likely to find here? 10. At this
location, you are assigned in setting up a power station using an alternative
fuel source from this location. You cannot alter the surrounding area
in any way, which of the following would you most likely use? 11. This native
hardwood tree is usually found on damp bottomlands, such as this site,
and produces a fruit that squirrels like to eat in the fall months. What
is the common name for this species of tree? 12. Looking
at this site you see an intermittent stream with a crossing used by vehicles
and other various things. What improvement might you suggest to improve
the crossing that would not greatly change the make up of the stream,
including siltation? 13. This plant
was brought to us from Asia. It produces a small red fruit called a hip.
What is the common name for this species of plant? 14. Along
the stream you will find several logs, of various sizes, rotting as time
goes on. What species would most likely be living under these rotting
logs? 15. Standing
along the stream you can that one side is heavily vegetated with trees
and shrubs while the other side has grass along it. What might be done
to improve the bank stabilization as well as habitat on the open side
of the stream? 16. At this
location you have a couple of different habitats coming together at one
place. Where these habitats meet is a very valuable area to wildlife and
usually provides food, cover, and nesting areas. What wildlife management
concept would this be considered? 17. You are
looking at the lower jaws of the largest member of the rodent family in
North America. Which of the following animals does this lower jaw belong
to? 18. Game
birds are an important part of Ohio’s history. Their feathers have been
used for writing implements, decorations and many other everyday items.
Game bird meat is also prized by today’s sportsman and sportswoman. Looking
at the feathers before you, what game bird do they belong to? 19. You are
assigned to do a study of the stream that is passing through this location.
What are three basic water quality tests that you would perform every
time you visited the site? 20. Wind is
a form of solar energy and needs to be converted from kinetic energy into
mechanical energy. What is the name of the mechanism that makes this conversion? 21. What
is another name for hydropower? 22. The coyote
will adapt to its surroundings, including eating what’s available in their
current habitat. What terminology is used to describe this behavior? 23. Which
of the following wild animals actually benefited as this country was settled,
as land was cleared of woodlands and more open areas were created? 24. Which
practice below will be least effective for NRCS to assist farmers to manage
their soils for improving soil quality? 25. Which
of these tree species is not suited for hydric soils?
1) The Book titled
“A Sand County Almanac” propelled “The Land Ethic” philosophy of land
use and wildlife management that is typically used to set policy and make
decisions by modern resource and wildlife groups and agencies. Which of
the following conservationists/environmentalists developed “The Land Ethic”
philosophy and authored “A Sand County Almanac”? 2) The forestlands that woodland
wildlife depends upon in Ohio, occur in several specific types, and are
identified according to their dominant tree species. Dominant trees are
those that make up 50% or more of the canopy or top layer of the forest
stand. What are the three principal forest types in Ohio? 3) One of the more common forest
types lacks a dominant tree species, occurs early in a forests’ development,
and consists of a mixture of hardwoods such as red elm, white ash, black
cherry, red maple, and black locust. This forest type is called? 5) The types and numbers of
wildlife species that a woodland will attract and support depend on what
factors? 7) Dry climatic conditions
that prevailed after the last glacial period (4,000 to 6,000 years ago)
favored an expansion of the western, grassland prairies eastward into
Ohio. Later as Ohio’s climate became more humid, hardwood trees invaded
from the east reducing the prairie areas into fragmented islands of prairie
grass surrounded by forest. Today _____ of Ohio’s original prairie grass
areas remain. 8) Prairie grasses are also
known as “Warm Season Grasses” because they begin growth much later in
the spring and do not reach maturity until mid-to late summer. This is
in contrast to “Cool Season Grasses” which begin their growth during the
cool, wet, early spring and typically begin to go dormant by the mid-summer.
Which of the following lists contains ONLY “Cool Season Grasses”? 12) This animal typically could
be found in forested sites, such as the one we are standing in today,
along streams, or in wet wooded areas. What is the gender and common name
of this waterfowl species? 14) This animal is native to
Asia but has become one of Ohio’s and America’s most prized and hunted
game birds. What is this animal? 15) During the time period
that immediately followed World War II (and since), agricultural production
became more industrialized and mechanized and row crop farming for commodities
such as corn and soybeans became intensive. Less grassland pasture was
used and haymaking intensified (more cuttings per year than in previous
times). What impacts did these changes have on Ring-Necked Pheasants? 16) Many wildlife species exist
not only in rural farmlands but also in the backyards of city residents.
This common songbird can be seen throughout the summer in many Ohio back
yards. Please identify this bird. 18) Trappers, Native Americans,
and traders most valued the hide skinned from what animal species? 19) What is the gender and
common name for this waterfowl species? 20) Typically, wildlife diversity
is greater when plant and habitat diversity are greater. In which of the
following forest types can greater wildlife diversity usually be expected?
21) This fan (tail feathers)
comes from Ohio’s largest upland game bird. What is the common name of
this species? 23) Which of the following
is the most likely impact of climate change on Great Lakes fishing? 25) Wetlands filter
out sediments and other pollutants from surface water runoff, help replenish
groundwater supplies, and also provide very important wildlife habitat.
In Ohio, over _____ of our wildlife species depend on wetlands for their
survival.
1.
National Historic Landmarks are preferably identified through _____________.
This is a. cultural studies b. theme studies c. landmark studies d. historical studies
2.
What information would a scientist gather in determining whether or not
the low a. Is there standing water? b. Does the Army Corps of Engineers regulate the site? c. Do hydric soils, hydrophytic plants and proper hydrology exist on the site? d. Do water-loving animals nest there?
3.
The majority of Ohio’s wetlands have been drained since European settlement.
What a. Fewer raccoons. b. Better river habitat conditions. c.
More species are no longer found in Ohio or are listed as threatened or d. More species that thrive in snow.
4.
Which of these statements describe one reason that motivates current methods
of a. Wetlands are valued for their natural abilities to control flooding. b. Wetlands are considered wasted land. c. Wetlands are ideal sites for solid waste dumps. d. Wetlands are known to reduce the rate of recharge of groundwater in the area.
5.
Wetlands contain different plant species than upland areas. Which statement
best suits a. They are rather aggressive, spreading to nearby farm fields. b. They purify the water that enters the wetland, both of its sediment and toxic loads. c. They rarely provide food or shelter value for wildlife. d. They spread disease.
6. The wildlife station is near the bottom of a large slope, with a flat area along the creek beyond. What would be another term for this large, low, flat area? a. Watershed. b. Airfield. c. Floodplain. d. Floodway.
7.
If this farm were in operation today, housing 1200 dairy cows, but without
a direct from the operation? a. Ohio Department of Agriculture b. Ohio Environmental Protection Agency c. Ohio Department of Natural Resources d. Ohio State University Extension
8.
There are several osage-orange trees on the historical farm particularly
here on the hill a. Birds likely carried the seeds here from a nearby swampy area. b.
The european settlers of this area likely planted osage-orange near the
homestead c.
The european settlers of this area likely planted osage-orange for timber
d.
The european settlers of this area likely planted osage-orange to create
living
9.
A landowner wants to improve the growth rate in their woods by thinning
the trees – a. brushpiles b. snags c. downed trees d. all of the above
10. This tree is valuable for both timber and wildlife – why is it a valuable wildlife tree? a. it produces a round fleshy fruit sought by birds in the fall b. it produces a large hard nut sought by squirrels in the fall c. it produces a long grain-like seed important to both birds and small mammals d. it produces leaves browsed by deer that are rich in protein and vitamins
11. Identify this tree, which produces a drupe-like seed valued by some wildlife a. Slippery elm b. White ash c. Hackberry d. Redbud
12.
The kind and numbers of wildlife in Preble County has been greatly affected
by land a. Food b. Water c. Predators d. Cover
13.
The General Soil Map is used to separate wildlife habitat areas 1 and
2 in Preble a. Association #1 – Steep valley, walls b. Association #8 – Stream terraces c. Association #9 – Flood Plains d. Association #5 – Till Plain
14.
This shrub is a nonnative plant that has been planted in Ohio for aesthetics
and for use a. Bush honeysuckle b. Autumn olive c. Multiflora rose d. Spice bush
15.
The blind on this site is for watching birds and other wildlife.
Success in seeing a. Adding a water source such as a bird bath or small pool b. Adding feeding stations c. Improving habitat around the blind d. All of the above
16. Prior to European settlement in the 1800’s Ohio contained numerous prairie openings
ranging in size from a few acres to several thousand acres. These
prairies a. 10 b. 100 c. 1,000 d. 10,000
17 - 20 Prairie ecosystems are part of Ohio’s natural heritage. They are important as one type of grassland habitat. They are important to our cultural heritage, also. They were sometimes burned by Native Americans to aid in hunting wild animals. Identify these native Ohio grasses that make up part of the prairie ecosystem.
(Match answers A, B, C, & D to the grass specimens labeled 17, 18, 19, and 20; each answer is used only once.)
A. Indian grass B. Big bluestem C. Little bluestem D. Side-oats gramma
21.
This mammal is a furbearer that can be legally harvested in Ohio.
Historically it was a. Muskrat b. Beaver c. River otter d. Groundhog
22 - 25 Game birds are important to Ohio’s cultural history. Their feathers have been used for writing implements, feather dusters, hat decorations, bedding, clothing insulation, art work, and many other everyday items. Game birds historically provided meat for the hunter’s table and for the market. Game bird meat is a prized food by today’s sportsmen and sportswomen.
(Match
answers A, B, C, & D to the feather specimens numbered 22, 23, 24,
and
A. Ring-necked pheasant B. Wild Turkey C. Canada Goose D. Ruffed grouse
1. Many Ohio mammals leave distinctive tracks in soft earth or snow; the arrangement of the toes on the hind foot of this animal is distinctive. Use the field guides provided to identify these tracks. a. Raccoon b. Opossum c. Muskrat d. Fox 2. This nesting structure is commonly referred to as a “Bluebird Box”. Which of the following birds is LEAST likely to also use this box for nesting? a. Tree Swallow b. House Wren c. Tufted Titmouse d. Northern Flicker 3. Wildlife species endangerment is an issue of the times. Which of the following factors is most frequently identified as a cause of endangered and threatened species? a. Hunting b. Loss of habitat c. Herbicides and pesticides d. Acid rain 4. Biologists sometimes classify animals by preferred diet. Which of the following animals feeds on carrion? a. Beaver b. Carp c. Turkey Vulture d. Bobcat 5. The landscape at this site hosts many different species of wildlife. Which of the following provides the best explanation for this observation? a. Many wildlife species prefer a park setting free of predators b. There is a dependable source of water nearby c. There is a good diversity of habitat types and edge. d. Hunting is prohibited. 6. Wildlife continuously has demonstrated an ability to adapt to change. Which best describes the pictured animal? a. Not native to Ohio, moved into Ohio from the west as forests were cleared. b. Not native to Ohio, released as part of a predator reintroduction program. c. Native to Ohio, but not plentiful anywhere in the state. d. Native to Ohio, present and increasing in all 88 counties. 7. Almost all of us have had experiences with white-tailed deer. Which of the following is the best explanation for the large deer population in Ohio? a. The implementation of regulated hunting as a management tool. b. Good habitat as land reverts to forest in southern Ohio c. Strict anti-poaching law enforcement. d. All of the above. 8. Deer are remarkably well adapted for survival. Which of the following most accurately describes deer adaptations? a. Deer have large ears that can turn from side to side to help them hear predators. b. Deer have a underdeveloped sense of smell and depend more on their eyesight c. Deer have eyes in front of their skull facing forward for depth perception. d. Deer legs and muscles are better equipped for silent walking then for running speed. 9. Which of the following wild animals actually benefited as this country was settled, as land was cleared of woodlands and more open areas were established? a. Wild turkey b. Cottontail rabbit c. Ruffed grouse d. Bobcat 10. Wetlands have been destroyed at an alarming rate. In Ohio, what percentage of this valuable habitat has been converted to other uses? a. 50% b. 10% c. 33% d. 90% 11. Forestland wildlife habitat in Ohio occurs in several specific types, identified according to dominant tree species. Which of the following is NOT one of the principal forest types on Ohio? a. oak-hickory b. aspen-birch c. beech-maple d. elm-ash 12. Some birds are covered with down and are mobile at hatching. Others are naked and helpless. What term describes young birds that are naked and helpless? a. altricial b. diurnal c. ovoviviparous d. precocial 13. Habitat is the key to wildlife survival. What is the term for the number of animals a habitat can support through the year? a. carrying capacity b. density c. population dynamics d. stocking rate 14. Which of the following species were at one point extirpated from the state and then successfully reintroduced into Ohio’s habitats? a. Canada Geese b. River otter c. Wild Turkey d. All the above 15. Using the field guides provided to identify the following duck. It is the most plentiful nesting duck species in the state. a. Mallard b. Green-winged teal c. Wood duck d. Widgeon 16. Consider the site at this location. What management practice might increase habitat for ring-necked pheasants? a. Plant warm season grasses to remain unmown for nesting cover b. Mow strips of cover to encourage insects as a food supply c. Create brush piles for escape cover d. Plant grain crops as a food supply 17. Burning of prairie grasses in the early spring benefits grassland wildlife. Which of the following is true? a. Burning retards the growth of woody species and keeps the prairie, prairie. b. Burning eliminates predators like snakes and fox c. Burning eliminates competition from mice and other small mammals. d. High temperature is necessary for the germination of grass seeds 18. Survey the habits that surround this site. Which of the following lists of wildlife is most likely to occur here? a. Cottontail rabbit, red fox, red-tailed hawk b. Fox squirrel, gray fox, goshawk c. Meadow vole, kestrel, barrred owl d. Otter, muskrat, peregrine falcon Questions 19-21: Examine the displayed skulls and answer the next 3 questions 19. Teeth are the most revealing and distinguishing features of mammal skulls. Examine the teeth of each skull and determine which skull is that of a herbivore? A B C D 20. Bones of the skull can reveal adaptations such as eye placement, muscle attachment and development of senses. Which skull is from an animal that depends more on its sense of smell than the others? A B C D 21. One of the skulls is that of the raccoon, an omnivore. Which is the raccoon skull? A B C D 22. In the 1950s Ring-necked pheasants thrived; today the population is severely depressed. Which of the following is the most significant reason for the decline? a. Loss of grassland nesting cover to grain crops b. Over hunting c. A decade of cold, wet springs d. Granular fertilizers ingested as food 23. Many Ohio farms are no longer productive sites for grassland dependent species. Which list below represents wildlife less plentiful today than they were 50 years ago? a. Fox squirrel, White-tailed deer, Bobcat b. Canada geese, Red-tailed hawk, Bobwhite quail c. Ring-necked pheasant, Bobolink, Meadowlark d. Coyote, Cottontail rabbit, Bald eagle 24. Which of the following animals will most benefit from a brush pile placed at a woodland edge? a. eastern massasauga b. eastern cottontail c. eastern fox squirrel d. eastern woodrat 25. Which of the following woodpeckers are most commonly to blame for a ring of holes commonly found on yellow-poplar, bitternut hickory, and basswood trees? a. yellow-bellied sapsucker b. red cockaded woodpecker c. pilleated woodpecker d. downy woodpecker
|
|
|
